Types of Seeds
When selecting which type of seeds to plant it is important
to understand the different methods of producing the seeds.
GMO
(Genetically Modified Organisms) seeds have been genetically engineered to
introduce specific traits, such as pest resistance or herbicide tolerance.
While they offer certain advantages, their long-term environmental and health
implications are subjects of ongoing debate. GM seeds are not likely to be found in your home garden because no one sells genetically
engineered seeds to home gardeners. GMO crops are
expensive, and commercial farmers are required to sign a contract that protects
the patented technology. These companies do not sell GM crops to the home
garden market or to garden centers.
Hybrid seeds are produced by crossing plants of the same species. Hybrid seeds will potentially
have the most desirable attributes of each variety, but they will not remain
true to the parent line and therefore are not recommended for seed saving.
Open-pollinated seeds are produced through natural
pollination by insects, wind, humans or other natural means. Open-pollinated
varieties are well-suited for seed saving and offer a wider range of flavors,
colors, and adaptations to local conditions.
Once the plants have grown and fully matured, it is time to harvest and save the seeds. Different procedures apply whether you are collecting “wet” or “dry” seeds.
Plants with wet seeds include tomato, eggplant, cucumber, melon, squash
and pumpkin. These seeds need to be harvested when fruit is ripe and then
processed to remove wet pulp or coatings. In order to do this, scoop the seeds
out of fully ripe fruit and put them in a glass jar filled with water. Stir the
mixture a couple of times a day. The mixture will ferment and viable seeds will
sink to the bottom. Finally, pour out the liquid, rinse the seeds and set them
out to dry.
Dry seeds are much easier to save, remove any dirt or debris and
spread them out to dry completely. Some of the easiest seeds to save are peas, beans,
lettuce, tomatoes and arugula. Always remember to harvest from the healthiest plant
with the most desired traits.
Store seeds in airtight containers in a cool, dark, and dry location to prevent moisture and oxygen from entering. Label each container with the seed variety, harvest date, and germination rate. Optimal storage conditions for seeds involve low temperatures (around 40°F or 4°C) and low humidity. Avoid exposing seeds to direct sunlight, as this can reduce their viability. It is a good idea to periodically check stored seeds for signs of mold, pests, or deterioration.
By carefully selecting seeds, you can cultivate resilient
and productive gardens in the Treasure Valley. Saving and storing
open-pollinated seeds is a rewarding and useful way to contribute economically
and sustainably to maintaining your garden.
